Friday, March 1, 2013

Xbox 360 250GB Spring Value bundle now available in the US for $299

Xbox 360 250GB Spring Value bundle now available in the US for $299

Sure, the next wave of gaming consoles may be arriving pretty soon, but while we wait for the PS4 and whatever Microsoft has in store for us, why not have yet another Xbox 360 bundle to choose from, right? Today the Redmond-based company released its Spring Value set, which includes that slim console with 250GB of storage space (as well as the accustomed peripherals, of course), one month gratis of Xbox Live Gold and, perhaps to make it all worthwhile, Darksiders II and Batman: Arkham City -- although the latter of the two will be available via download code rather than as a physical copy. Folks that call the good ol' US of A home can snag the fresh bundle starting today for $299, which is on par with similar bundles that Microsoft's released in the past -- granted it's not as sleek-looking as some of the pricier ones.

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Toxic oceans may have delayed spread of complex life

Feb. 28, 2013 ? A new model suggests that inhospitable hydrodgen-sulphide rich waters could have delayed the spread of complex life forms in ancient oceans. The research, published online this week in the journal Nature Communications, considers the composition of the oceans 550-700 million years ago and shows that oxygen-poor toxic conditions, which may have delayed the establishment of complex life, were controlled by the biological availability of nitrogen.

In contrast to modern oceans, data from ancient rocks indicates that the deep oceans of the early Earth contained little oxygen, and flipped between an iron-rich state and a toxic hydrogen-sulphide-rich state. The latter toxic sulphidic state is caused by bacteria that survive in low oxygen and low nitrate conditions. The study shows how bacteria using nitrate in their metabolism would have displaced the less energetically efficient bacteria that produce sulphide -- meaning that the presence of nitrate in the oceans prevented build-up of the toxic sulphidic state.

The model, developed by researchers at the University of Exeter in collaboration with Plymouth Marine Laboratory, University of Leeds, UCL (University College London) and the University of Southern Denmark, reveals the sensitivity of the early oceans to the global nitrogen cycle. It shows how the availability of nitrate, and feedbacks within the global nitrogen cycle, would have controlled the shifting of the oceans between the two oxygen-free states -- potentially restricting the spread of early complex life.

Dr Richard Boyle from the University of Exeter said: "Data from the modern ocean suggests that even in an oxygen-poor ocean, this apparent global-scale interchange between sulphidic and non-sulphidic conditions is difficult to achieve. We've shown here how feedbacks arising from the fact that life uses nitrate as both a nutrient, and in respiration, controlled the interchange between two ocean states. For as long as sulphidic conditions remained frequent, Earth's oceans were inhospitable towards complex life."

Today, an abundance of nitrate, in the context of an oxygenated ocean, prevents a reversion to the inhospitable environment that inhibited early life. Determining how Earth's oceans have established long-term stability helps us to understand how modern oceans interact with life and also sheds light on the sensitivity of oceans to changes in composition.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Exeter.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. R.A. Boyle, J.R. Clark, S.W. Poulton, G. Shields-Zhou, D.E. Canfield, T.M. Lenton. Nitrogen cycle feedbacks as a control on euxinia in the mid-Proterozoic ocean. Nature Communications, 2013; 4: 1533 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2511

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/CUPC19XVN4w/130228113447.htm

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Santa Cruz reeling after 2 police detectives killed in shootout ...

PHOTOS: Two Santa Cruz police officers killed

Santa Cruz was in mourning after two police detectives were killed in a shootout Tuesday.

The city's Police Department, which has less than 100 sworn officers, had operated for 150 years without losing a single one in the line of duty. Until Tuesday afternoon, when two veteran detectives in plainclothes walked up to Jeremy Goulet's house as part of a misdemeanor sexual assault investigation.

Sgt. Loran "Butch" Baker, 51, and Det. Elizabeth Butler, 38, were killed on Goulet's doorstep, Santa Cruz County Sheriff Phil Wowak said during a news conference near an impromptu memorial at police headquarters.

PHOTOS: Two Santa Cruz police officers killed

"We don't know all that happened when they came into contact with Goulet," said Wowak, whose department is leading the investigation so Santa Cruz police can mourn. "We do know what was left in the aftermath."

"Thank you for your service Santa Cruz Police Department. RIP Detective Baker. RIP Detective Butler." That's what Mary Gregg wrote in neat black letters on yellow construction paper, hanging her message in the window of the downtown check-cashing store where she works.

"Something," she felt, "had to be said today."

Best known for its surfing museum and a roller coaster that Bay Area newspaper columnist Herb Caen described as "one long shriek," Santa Cruz is not used to the kind of pain that rippled through town the day after a gunfight left two veteran detectives ? and the man they were investigating ? dead.

The 35-year-old Goulet, who had a long history of run-ins with the law, killed and disarmed the detectives before fleeing in Baker's car, Wowak said. Law enforcement officers from throughout the region began a sweep of the Santa Cruz neighborhood where Baker and Butler were slain. A short time later, Goulet ditched the car and tried to flee on foot.

In the ensuing gun battle, Wowak said, Goulet shot up a firetruck, sending firefighters, medical personnel and passersby scrambling. After killing the suspect, authorities discovered Goulet had been wearing body armor and had three guns.

"It is our belief that two of the three weapons belonged to the Santa Cruz Police Department, but we haven't confirmed it," said Wowak, adding that it was still unclear whether Goulet had taken the body armor from Baker's car or had it on before the shooting broke out.

"We know now that he was distraught," the sheriff said. "We know now that he had the intention of harming himself and possibly the police. ...?There's no doubt in anyone's mind that the officers who engaged Goulet stopped an imminent threat to the community."

Goulet had been arrested Friday on suspicion of disorderly conduct. Local news accounts said he had broken into the home of a co-worker and had been fired from his job at The Kind Grind coffeehouse Saturday. A manager at the beachfront shop declined to comment Wednesday.

According to Goulet's father, the barista ? who recently had moved from Berkeley to Santa Cruz ? was a ticking time bomb who held police and the justice system in deep contempt. Ronald Goulet, 64, told the Associated Press that his son had had numerous run-ins with the law and had sworn he would never go back to jail.

But the elder Goulet said he never thought his troubled son would turn to such violence.

Goulet said his son undermined any success he had in the military (he reportedly was a member of the Marine Corps Reserves and later the Army) or college because of an insatiable desire to peep in the windows of women as they showered or dressed.

"He's got one problem, peeping in windows," his father said. "I asked him, 'Why don't you just go to a strip club?' He said he wants a good girl that doesn't know she's being spied on, and said he couldn't stop doing it."

In 2008, a Portland, Ore., jury convicted Jeremy Goulet on misdemeanor counts of unlawful possession of a firearm and invasion of personal privacy after he peeked into a woman's bathroom as she showered, said Don Rees, a chief deputy district attorney in Multnomah County.

Goulet faced additional charges, including attempted murder, after he allegedly fired a gun at the woman's boyfriend. The two had fought after Goulet was spotted outside the woman's condo, but a jury acquitted him of those charges, Rees said.

During the trial, Goulet admitted that he liked to use his cellphone to record unsuspecting women undressing, according to the Oregonian newspaper. Prosecutors alleged he had peeped at women "hundreds of times" without getting caught.

Goulet was given three years' probation, Rees said, but spent time in jail after his probation was revoked.

As law enforcement officials Wednesday released new details of the unprecedented police killings, residents struggled to come to terms with what they said was the latest in a spate of high-profile acts of violence.

Earlier this month, a 21-year-old woman was beaten and raped while walking on the campus of UC Santa Cruz. Just days earlier, a UC Santa Cruz student had been shot in the head during a robbery at a bus stop on the city's west side. And a few weeks ago, a young man was gunned down in front of the Red Room, a popular downtown nightspot

Denise Paris Shaw, 58, has lived in Santa Cruz her entire life. Four generations of her family have graduated from Santa Cruz High School. Butler and Baker's deaths, she said, were "the most devastating thing I've seen."

Shaw's husband, Michael, was driving not far from Goulet's residence when the shootings began. Denise, a retired special education teacher, was home following the unfolding violence on television. The first thing she did was call her husband and say: "Two officers have been shot. You need to get home right now. The suspect is on the loose."

The more she watched, the more worried she became. "I had a feeling it was bad," she said, "when EMTs went in with two gurneys and came out with two gurneys and they were empty."

The Shaws keep an altar in their living room, dedicated to people they know who have died. Michael's father was a sheriff's lieutenant 50 years ago. When Michael got home, they put his father's badge on the altar. They lit a candle. And Michael began to sob.

On Wednesday, Denise Shaw brought a bouquet of red and white roses to the makeshift memorial at police headquarters. She laid it alongside the chocolate-filled hearts, candles and handwritten notes. She listened as local officials gave voice to the city's grief.

"They weren't just officers," Mayor Hilary Bryant said of Baker and Butler. "They were our friends. Our neighbors. They had families in our schools."

Police Chief Kevin Vogel, trembling and close to tears, said: "Today is one of the darkest days in the history of the department.

"We're having a tough time with this. We're doing the best job that we know how. It's been devastating. There are absolutely no words for me to describe what this department is going through."

He paused. And remembered one more thing he had to do.

"This is going to be hard," he said. Then he held up photographs of the slain officers, his detectives, his friends.

His hands shook.

ALSO:

Suspects allegedly kidnap man, force him to drive to strip club

Santa Cruz killings: Gunman took officers? weapons, police say

Gunman who killed 2 Santa Cruz cops wore body armor, police say

-- Lee Romney in Santa Cruz and Maria LaGanga in San Francisco

Photo: Sky Hall leaves flowers in front of the Santa Cruz Police Department on Wednesday at a memorial for two police detectives who were killed Tuesday. Suspect Jeremy Goulet, 35, was shot and killed by officers. Credit: Thomas Mendoza / Associated Press

Source: http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2013/02/santa-cruz-reeling-after-2-police-detectives-killed-in-shootout.html

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Blizzard eases U.S. Plains drought but crops need more moisture

CHICAGO (Reuters) - A blizzard this week in the drought-stricken U.S. Plains will moisten soil for major crops, but the snow storm made it difficult to feed cattle and reach some cow herds, an agricultural meteorologist said on Wednesday.

Andy Karst of World Weather Inc said the blast of winter weather dropped a foot of snow in many areas with up to 19 inches in the Texas Panhandle on Monday.

"It will benefit most areas but parts of western Kansas and eastern Colorado missed out on the storm, so it remains too dry there," Karst said. "There was probably a lot of stress to livestock."

In more good news for farmers, agricultural meteorologists predict light rain in some areas later this week and a larger storm in early March. They say significant winter rainfall and snow have so far eliminated the drought, the worst in 50 years in the United States, in an area roughly from Illinois eastward.

A combination of rain and snow early this week left roughly 6 inches to 18 inches of snow in a widespread area of the western and southern Midwest corn and soybean belt and most of the hard red winter wheat region in the Plains.

The snowstorm contains about 0.50 inch to 1.50 inches of water that will be added to dry soils in the region, helping the U.S. winter wheat crop when it begins its growth spurt this spring.

But more moisture will be needed in April and May to nurse the crop to maturity and to aid the soon-to-be-seeded corn and soybean crops, meteorologists and crop experts have said.

Commodity Weather Group meteorologist Joel Widenor said very light showers would move into the Northern Plains and dry areas of the western Midwest next week and a larger storm was expected in the first or second weeks of March.

Widenor said it will cover the far southeastern Plains, Delta, southern and eastern Midwest but the recently wet areas of the U.S. Southeast should remain drier.

He said the March storm also would bring a chance for more rainfall to the central and southeastern U.S. Plains but the "forecast has slipped drier than yesterday."

The weekly Drought Monitor report issued February 21 by a group of state and federal climatologists showed 18.66 percent of the contiguous United States was suffering from extreme drought, up from 17.71 percent a week earlier. The percentage in exceptional drought, the worst category, rose to 6.66 percent from 6.61 percent the previous week.

Kansas wheat farmers welcomed the winter snowstorm, but the drought stress on the winter wheat crop from seeding time last fall until now probably has harmed some of it beyond repair, experts have said.

Don Keeney, meteorologist for MDA Earthsat Weather, said that as of early February, roughly 4 inches to 6 inches of rain were needed in Kansas, the top producer of hard red winter wheat, to bring the state out of drought status.

Up to 8 inches were needed in a pocket of severe dryness in northeastern Kansas, a big corn- and grain sorghum-growing area. Similar amounts were needed in Nebraska, Texas, Oklahoma, Iowa and Missouri and northern Illinois and Indiana.

(Reporting By Sam Nelson; Editing by Grant McCool)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blizzard-eases-u-plains-drought-crops-more-moisture-142256897.html

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BOJ's Kiuchi says to consider more easing as needed

YOKOHAMA, Japan (Reuters) - The Bank of Japan will consider easing monetary policy again if needed and it would most likely be through further asset purchases, a central bank policymaker said, warning an economic recovery is hardly assured given the murky overseas outlook.

Board member Takahide Kiuchi, a former economist, also said on Thursday that Japan's widening trade deficit may destabilize financial markets by diminishing the excess domestic cash that has helped keep the country's bond yields low.

"There's still uncertainty on whether Japan's economy will head for a full-fledged recovery," Kiuchi told business leaders in Yokohama, near Tokyo, pointing to overseas risks such as persistent market jitters over Europe's debt woes.

"We will strive to achieve our new target, including through taking additional easing steps boldly when necessary," said Kiuchi, who was one of two BOJ board members to vote against adopting a 2 percent inflation target last month.

Kiuchi said the key means for any future stimulus would be a further expansion of its asset-buying and lending program.

He also said the BOJ must carefully scrutinize the costs and benefits of various options being floated by markets, such as buying longer-dated government bonds or more risky assets.

The BOJ doubled its inflation target to 2 percent in January and made an open-ended pledge to buy assets from next year, under pressure from Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to take bolder efforts to beat deflation.

Kiuchi and Takehiro Sato voted against the inflation target in January, arguing that it far exceeded levels deemed sustainable in Japan, which has been mired in deflation for much of the past two decades.

In Thursday's speech, Kiuchi said he dissented due to his view that the central bank should first do its utmost to achieve its prior target of 1 percent inflation.

(Editing by Edmund Klamann and John Mair)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bojs-kiuchi-says-consider-more-easing-needed-040238393--business.html

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Research explores factors that impact adolescent mental health

Feb. 27, 2013 ? Research indicates that half of all lifetime cases of mental illness begin by age 14, well before adulthood. Three new studies investigate the cognitive, genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to mental health disorders in adolescence.

The studies are published in Psychological Science and Clinical Psychological Science, journals of the Association for Psychological Science.

Social-Information-Processing Patterns Mediate the Impact of Preventive Intervention on Adolescent Antisocial Behavior

Kenneth A. Dodge, Jennifer Godwin, and The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group

Fast Track is a preventive intervention designed to help children who show aggression at an early age. The intervention addresses kids' social-cognitive processes in several ways, including social-skill training groups, parent groups, and classroom curricula. In this study, the researchers investigated the processes underlying this intervention's success. A total of 891 kindergarteners who were at high risk for adolescent antisocial behavior were randomly assigned to receive either the Fast Track intervention or a control program. The data revealed that children in the intervention showed decreased levels of antisocial behavior at the end of 9th grade, which was driven, in part, by improvement on three specific social-cognitive processes. These results suggest that social-cognitive processes may play an important role in the development of antisocial behavior in youth.

Published online February 13, 2013 in Psychological Science

A Comparison of Two Models of Urgency: Urgency Predicts Both Rash Action and Depression in Youth

Gregory T. Smith, Leila Guller, and Tamika C.B. Zapolski

Smith and colleagues test two competing theories concerning the trait of urgency. One theory posits that urgency reflects the people's tendency to act rashly or impulsively when they're emotional. Another theory suggests that urgency reflects a general responsiveness to emotions that can lead to rash action (such as heavy drinking or binge eating) or ill-advised inaction (which is associated with symptoms of depression). In previous research, Smith and colleagues found that urgency levels in 5th grade predicted addictive behaviors (including alcohol consumption, binge eating, and smoking) in 6th grade, which is consistent with both theories. In this study, the researchers found that level of urgency in 5th grade also predicted higher levels of depression at the end of 6th grade. These results support the view that urgency can lead either to rash action or ill-advised inaction. The researchers conclude that urgency may be an important trait in various diagnoses, across both internalizing and externalizing disorders.

Published online February 15, 2013 in Clinical Psychological Science

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Rumination, Distraction, and Depressed Mood in Adolescence

Mollie N. Moore, Rachel H. Salk, Carol A. Van Hulle, Lyn Y. Abramson, Janet S. Hyde, Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant, and H. Hill Goldsmith

About one in 10 adolescents will experience major depression or dysthymia by age 18. Rumination, the process of dwelling on one's feelings and problems, is an established cognitive risk factor for depression. In this study, Moore and colleagues investigated whether response styles associated with rumination might account for some of the genetic vulnerability associated with depression. A total of 756 adolescent twins ages 12 to 14 completed the Response Styles Questionnaire and several measures of depressive symptoms. Brooding was positively correlated with depressive symptoms, while distraction was negatively correlated with the symptoms. About 54% of the variation in depression symptoms could be attributed to genetic variation, while 37% of the variation in reflection and 30% of the variation in distraction were accounted for by genetic variation. Further analyses showed that individual differences in distraction share both genetic and environmental sources of variation with depression. Together, these results suggest that the same genetic factors that contribute to distraction may protect against depression.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Association for Psychological Science.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal References:

  1. K. A. Dodge, J. Godwin. Social-Information-Processing Patterns Mediate the Impact of Preventive Intervention on Adolescent Antisocial Behavior. Psychological Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1177/0956797612457394
  2. G. T. Smith, L. Guller, T. C. B. Zapolski. A Comparison of Two Models of Urgency: Urgency Predicts Both Rash Action and Depression in Youth. Clinical Psychological Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1177/2167702612470647
  3. M. N. Moore, R. H. Salk, C. A. Van Hulle, L. Y. Abramson, J. S. Hyde, K. Lemery-Chalfant, H. H. Goldsmith. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Rumination, Distraction, and Depressed Mood in Adolescence. Clinical Psychological Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1177/2167702612472884

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/DEpGtrxGk8c/130227151258.htm

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Facebook Is Changing The Tech World - Business Insider

Verizon

This post is part of the Roadmap To The Future Series. Roadmap To The Future explores innovative industry trends and breakthroughs in science, entertainment, and technology. This series is sponsored by Verizon.

Max Morse / Getty Images

?

It takes a lot of technical chops to run an operation the size of Facebook.

Some 618 million people use Facebook every day and they use it to play games, post news and photos. Consider this: Facebook currently stores more than 240 billion photos.

All told, Facebook will spend $1.8 billion in 2013 on its IT needs mostly on servers, data centers, and infrastructure, it said.

A lot of what Facebook needs to operate its massive web site has never been done before, so It has to invent its own technology. And then Facebook often simply gives away the tech it creates, as open source projects.

Facebook benefits by sharing its tech freely like that. Other companies use it, improve it and share back. Sometimes Facebook doesn't invent a technology, but adopts another open source project and then becomes a major force working on it.

Through all of this behind-the-scenes work, Facebook is slowly, and radically, changing the entire tech scene.

Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-is-changing-the-tech-world-2013-2

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